ALSA 2025 meeting

China’s modern petition system (xinfang) is a distinctive governance mechanism often described as a “pressure release valve” for managing social conflicts. This paper explores how the system reflects the traditional Chinese philosophy of “balancing tension and relaxation” and the “parent-official” (fumuguan) ideal. By tracing its historical roots, analyzing its contemporary functions, and evaluating its impact on social stability and the rule of law, this study highlights the system’s dual role as both a stabilizer and a challenge to modern governance. Drawing on scholarly research and recent reforms, the paper proposes ways to integrate the petition system into China’s evolving legal and administrative framework, balancing traditional flexibility with contemporary legal norms.