Quantum computing is poised to upend modern cryptography by breaking widely used public-key algorithms like RSA in a matter of minutes. Cyber adversaries are already “harvesting” encrypted data today with plans to decrypt it once quantum capabilities mature. This looming threat endangers everything from personal and financial data to military secrets and the digital signatures that underpin online trust. In response, academia and industry have joined forces with NIST to devise quantum-resistant algorithms and standards. NIST approved the first post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards for encryption and digital signatures in 2024, marking a pivotal step toward protecting vulnerable crypto assets before large-scale quantum computers arrive.
However, achieving post-quantum readiness is a complex, collaborative journey. Organizations must first identify which cryptographic assets and systems are at risk and prioritize them for migration. We present a technical framework for crypto agility and quantum-safe adoption, starting with a thorough cryptographic inventory to pinpoint vulnerable systems and to assess data at risk from “harvest-now, decrypt-later” scenarios. Building on NIST’s guidance, our approach emphasizes cross-sector collaboration in adopting PQC. We highlight applied research initiatives from global consortia to NIST’s National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence projects that unite researchers, industry practitioners, and government to develop practical quantum-safe solutions. By aligning these efforts with NIST’s PQC standards and guidelines, we provide forward-looking, hands-on strategies for academia and cybersecurity professionals to collaboratively safeguard assets and ensure a smooth transition to a quantum-safe future.