Introduction. Cannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances globally. It has been shown that motives for cannabis use are related to pattern of use. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabis compound increasingly used for various purposes, especially among cannabis users. However, there is to date no data on the relationships between cannabis and CBD motives. Understanding such relationships and characterize co-users based on their motives for use can help adapt products characteristics and/or marketing policies to optimize users’ experience.
Methods. We selected cannabis-CBD co-users from the third wave of the European Web Survey on Drugs. We computed Bonferroni-adjusted tetrachoric correlations between cannabis and CBD self-reported motives for use (eight and nine possible motives, respectively). We also computed Spearman’s correlations between number of declared cannabis and CBD motives. Then, we performed an ascending hierarchical classification to identify cannabis-CBD co-user profiles based on their cannabis and CBD motives.
Results. The study sample comprised 15 146 participants (68.1% were men, median age of 26 years). Number of motives for cannabis and CBD use were correlated (Spearman’s ρ=0.49, p<0.001). Similar motives were generally highly correlated between substances. Cluster analysis revealed four different co-user profiles based on cannabis and CBD motives.
Discussion and Conclusions. Users of both cannabis and CBD tend to use them with the same motives. Considering the safe profile of CBD, further research should explore the potential harm-reduction role of CBD products among cannabis users.

Background: In jurisdictions that have already legalised cannabis only 62% of domestic growers indicated in a global survey that their grows were compliant with the law. Research is needed to design a cannabis regulatory environment that would encourage higher levels of compliance with the law.

Objective: To study the policy preferences of domestic cannabis growers regarding cannabis production under a (hypothetical) legal cannabis model.

Method: We surveyed 11,479 small-scale cannabis growers (ICCQ V2) from 2020 to 2021. We analysed (descriptive statistics, regressions and cluster analysis) a subsample of 6,296 respondents who lived in 13 jurisdictions that had not legalised recreational cannabis (at the time) and one jurisdiction that had legalised recreational cannabis using R.

Results: Growers’ preferred policy would allow for unlicensed private grows of cannabis by adults, while selling cannabis would necessitate a license (59%). Paid employment was associated with increased support for this policy (63%). Lower levels of support for this policy were associated with selling own-grown cannabis (46%) and contact with police for cannabis cultivation (48%). Growers indicated that large pricing gaps between a legal and black-market cannabis price increased the likelihood of illegal growing activity.
Conclusion: An inclusive regulatory model that allowed for private domestic grows of cannabis, alongside legal cannabis sold at a price that is not substantially higher than black-market cannabis, would likely be met by high levels of compliance by people who are currently growing their own cannabis and not involved in distribution.