Drug-induced deaths, especially among young people, have been on the rise in Finland. The proportion of under 25-year-olds dying of drug-induced causes is also one of the highest in Europe. Despite this alarming trend, little research has been conducted on the contributing factors.
In Finland, all sudden and unexpected deaths require an inquest led by the police. This paper investigates all drug poisoning deaths (N=300) of individuals under 30 in Finland between 2019 and 2021. The research material includes police investigation reports, forensic autopsy reports, post-mortem toxicological reports, death certificates, and, in some cases, first response reports. Public statistical indicators were used as secondary data. Based on the content analysis of the reports, a data matrix was created. The study utilizes the 'risk environment framework' (Rhodes, 2002) to explore the physical, social, economic, and policy environments in which these deaths occur.
The overdose deaths of young people result from a complex matrix of risk factors. Patterns of polydrug use increase the risk of overdose. The treatment system has not effectively addressed the comorbidities of the deceased at a structural level, and the retention of health and social care has been inadequate. A situational factor is the delayed call for an ambulance, potentially due to fear of police involvement. At the political level, legislation has hindered the piloting of effective harm reduction measures that could help prevent deaths. The deceased lived in areas that are socially and economically disadvantaged compared to the average.