Air pollution has long been a significant problem environmentally, socially, and economically in many countries, especially in urban areas of developing economies. It is one of the global problems targeted in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to analyze the relationship between urban characteristics and the dynamic of air pollutions. The hypothesis of this study is that different types of land use affect levels of air pollution in a city. Fifty districts in Bangkok are selected as a study area. The characteristics of the city include population density, building density, land use, and heat island effect. The monthly air quality index (AQI) and other ambient air pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matters such as PM2.5 and PM10 from sensors around the city in 2011–2021, are used as the indicators of air quality at the district level. The interpolation model based on the Kriging approach in the ArcGIS program is used for spatial analysis of the air pollution data. Spatiotemporal regression is used as the primary model to investigate the relationship between air pollutants and the characteristics of urban areas in Bangkok. The findings will be applied to create a guideline for air pollution management and urban planning.