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UID:pretalx-spathum24-YDXRLW@pretalx.com
DTSTART;TZID=CET:20240927T103000
DTEND;TZID=CET:20240927T110000
DESCRIPTION:Historical urban studies frequently study the city as a palimps
 est. This is a speaking\nmetaphor in the case of wartime destruction and r
 ebuilding. During the bombing and\nsubsequent rebuilding processes\, build
 ings were damaged\, destroyed and partly rebuild.\nThe UrbanMetaMapping re
 search consortium examines war damage maps from the\nSecond World War and 
 other thematic urban maps covering Central and Central Eastern\nEurope\, i
 nvestigating urban mapping as a cultural practice of transformation\, the 
 social\nand spatial development\, and how heritage was mapped and historic
 al consciousness\nformed.\nThe city of Nürnberg\, Germany\, was heavily d
 amaged in successive air raids during WWII.\nThis especially included the 
 inner city with its many historically significant buildings. From\n1942 on
 wards\, the Nürnberg administration concentrated its disaster control eff
 orts on\nthe historic centre. This is evidenced by a newly created cadastr
 al map\, covering the area\nof the walled city\, with a granularity that i
 dentifies each building\, including side buildings.\nThis map served as a 
 basis map for war damage maps from air raids as well as for\nthematic maps
 \, e.g. stated historic values (“Nürnberg” 2023).\nBy comparing writt
 en sources and maps from the Nuremberg archives\, we study the\nprocesses 
 of disaster prevention\, disaster relief and reconstruction directed by th
 e city\nadministration between 1942 and 1952. During this period\, Nürnbe
 rg underwent a\ntransformation from a centre of National Socialism (“Sta
 dt der Reichsparteitage”) through\nthe Nuremberg Military Tribunals (194
 6–1949) to democratic regional centre. Throughout\nthis period\, the reg
 ulations for demolition\, reconstruction and dismantling of damaged\nbuild
 ings organised by the city administration show considerable continuity\, i
 ncluding the\nurban planning for reconstruction dating back to 1943. Until
  recently these complex and\nintertwined processes of planning\, rubble cl
 earance and rebuilding against the\nbackground of political change have be
 en studied separately from each other.\nUsing traditional art historical c
 omparative methods\, we analysed the reconstruction\nstrategies for select
 ed town squares\, streets and the urban landscapes in general and\nspecifi
 cally the preservation of damaged historical buildings in particular (Enss
  2022\,\nKnauer 2023\, Knauer and Enss 2022). For a comprehensive study of
  the walled city of\nNürnberg\, especially the investigation of traces of
  the intertwined processes\, we now\nresort to a GIS-based approach. We al
 so use this as a case study for the question of how\nGIS can support studi
 es of historical maps and which methods are most promising.\nThe various m
 aps of air raids\, historical values\, reconstruction plans\, etc.\, super
 imposed\non the cadastral base map\, constitute a multi-layered paper data
 base\, that holds all kinds\nof thematic information\, but is tedious to a
 nalyse manually\, especially in terms of cross-\ncomparison between maps. 
 Georeferencing and vectorising the maps into a GIS database\nallows for at
 tainable access and quantitative analysis\, from the temporal sequences of
 \ndamage on one hand to the relationships between different thematic data\
 , such as the\ndeclared historic value of buildings.\nWith GIS we create o
 ur own multi-thematic maps. The data from the different paper maps\nis att
 ributed to the geo-objects (buildings)\, which allows the selection and vi
 sualisation of\ncomplex queries such as: show all buildings mapped as dest
 royed and as historically\nvaluable. Due to our exploratory approach\, vis
 ualising these cross-references between\ndifferent data points is crucial\
 , for our own research as well as for dissemination.\nAdditionally\, the p
 ublication of maps created from GIS is possible without navigating the\nco
 mplex copyright situation of the original maps. A quantitative evaluation 
 of these\nqueries\, e.g. how many buildings or what percentage of the tota
 l area have features X and\nY\, provides a tangible measure of these findi
 ngs.\nHaving all the data from the different maps combined allows us to ch
 eck for internal\nconsistency: on the one hand we can check whether the da
 ta from successive maps are\ncoherent\, and on the other hand we can test 
 for hidden interdependencies. In the\nNürnberg air raid maps\, we found t
 hat buildings shown as destroyed on one map were\nshown as intact on a lat
 er map\, which is an example of internal inconsistency. Comparing\nthe deg
 ree of destruction with additional information like the historical value o
 f a building\ncan reveal hidden biases.\nWe plan to integrate additional d
 ata sources\, such as georeferenced statistical data from\nthe period\, as
  well as results from GIS-based research at other scales (Ludwig and\nAlva
 nides 2023).\nGIS gives us a view of the data from the paper maps that was
  not easily accessible before\,\nas it allows us to reveal\, query\, and v
 isualise unexpected relationships. We therefore\nencourage the application
  of building level GIS to other historical city maps.\n\n## Bibliography\n
 Enss\, Carmen M. 2022. ‘Erbeprozesse Bei Den Aufbauplanungen Für Städt
 e in Den 1940er Jahren:\nSchadensaufnahmen\, Inventarisation\, Aufbau’. 
 Forum Stadt 1: 51–62.\nLudwig\, Carol\, and Seraphim Alvanides. 2023. 
 ‘A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Urban Fabric of\nNuremberg From the 1
 940s Onwards Using Historical Maps’. Urban Planning 8 (1).\nhttps://doi.
 org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6084.\nKnauer\, Birgit. 2023. ‘Kapitel 7 . Definiti
 on Und Transformation von Erbe Im Rahmen Der\nWiederaufbauplanung’. In A
 tlas Kriegsschadenskarten Deutschland\, edited by Carmen M. Enss\nand Birg
 it Knauer\, 66–79. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035625011-008
 .\nKnauer\, Birgit\, and Carmen M Enss. 2022. ‘Wiederaufbauplanung und H
 eritage Making im\nkriegszerstörten Nürnberg. Historische Stadtkarten al
 s Quelle der Stadtforschung’. Moderne\nStadtgeschichte\, no. 1: 133–60
 .\n"Nürnberg" In Atlas Kriegsschadenskarten Deutschland: Stadtkartierung 
 und Heritage Making im\nWiederaufbau um 1945 edited by Carmen M. Enss and 
 Birgit Knauer\, 196-232. Berlin\, Boston:\nBirkhäuser\, 2023. https://doi
 .org/10.1515/9783035625011-016
DTSTAMP:20260720T104202Z
LOCATION:MG1 00.04 Hörsaal
SUMMARY:The Mapping of Nürnberg in WWII: An Example of GIS-Based Analysis 
 of Historical Urban Maps - Anastasia Bauch\, Carmen M. Enss\, Klaus Stein
URL:https://pretalx.com/spathum24/talk/YDXRLW/
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