Spatial Humanities 2024

Layering Public Park Histories: Using GIS to Uncover Socio-Spatial Inclusion and Exclusion in Post-war Germany and the U.S.
09-26, 17:00–17:30 (Europe/Amsterdam), MG1 00.04 Hörsaal

This paper proposes a lens of analysis for studying the history of public urban parks as spaces that fostered specific codes of conduct. The two case studies of post-war public urban park development in Richmond, Virginia (United States) and Hamburg (Germany) exemplify restoration ideas and ideals implemented by urban planners, politicians, and residents. This paper focuses on two historical contexts, which launched radical structural changes throughout the built environment in each case study. In Richmond, Chimborazo Park displaced and excluded an African American (Black) community during the aftermath of the Civil War, while Hamburg's Alsterpark was created within the city’s general post-World War II greening initiatives that included forced expropriation and regulation of social behavior. The joint GIS-based approach furthers the analysis of these spatial histories by understanding patterns of displacement, exclusion, and social control. The paper thus demonstrates how park creation, often presented as innately beneficial for the public by planners, government officials, and stakeholders, served to enforce prevailing social and political norms by excluding unwanted visitors and regulating “proper” behavior in parks. By layering historical data in GIS software, the paper offers an approach for critically examining historically salient socio-political implications of, and power relations within, urban green space development. It informs conversations at the intersections of spatial methods and urban heritage. The GIS models created by both authors illustrate the histories of modern park constructions, largely unknown today by community members in both Richmond and Hamburg. As both cases focus on public parks that exist today, the authors can educate a broad public audience who are either unaware of the histories of the parks they regularly inhabit or assume them as neutral spaces.

Laura Brannan Fretwell is a fifth year PhD candidate in the History and Art History Department at George Mason University. She received a Master’s in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies from Georgia State University in 2019. Her dissertation research focuses on issues over race, commemoration, and public space in the nineteenth century American South through a case study of a municipal park developed in the Reconstruction era and today managed by the National Park Service’s Richmond National Battlefield Park in a historically African American neighborhood. She has received fellowships at both George Mason University’s Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media and the Center for Humanities Research, the University of Luxembourg’s Centre for Contemporary and Digital History, the HASTAC Scholars Program, and the Cosmos Scholars Program. Laura is interested in spatial history, digital public history, community engaged methods, and memory studies.

Eliane Schmid is a doctoral researcher at the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital
History (C²DH), researching the development of public urban green spaces in the port-cities of
Hamburg and Marseille post-World War II. Her interests focus on urban (re-)building and
planning as well as migration in the decolonization and postcolonial period. She consults theories
from spatial, port-city and (trans-)urban history, as well as human geography while applying GIS
(Geographic Information Systems) as a tool for analysis and visualization.