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UID:pretalx-wha-annual-meeting-korea-2026-WLJS99@pretalx.com
DTSTART;TZID=KST:20260625T131500
DTEND;TZID=KST:20260625T133500
DESCRIPTION:The Allied occupation of Iran (1941–1946) imposed one of the 
 twentieth century’s most abrupt and total border closures\, severing pre
 -war global supply chains for essential commodities and turning a sovereig
 n transit state into a wartime logistical corridor. Rather than offsetting
  this enforced external disconnection through institutional openness or ma
 rket flexibility\, Iranian governments deliberately layered a second\, int
 ernal closure: sweeping\, non-transparent state monopolies over sugar\, te
 a\, grain\, and other staples\, coupled with opaque rationing. Archival pr
 ice series document the result: sugar prices rose 2\,300 %\, tea 2\,666 %\
 , and artificial famines erupted in a country untouched by combat.\nThis d
 ouble closure—external borders sealed by foreign armies\, internal econo
 mic borders sealed by domestic policy—lies at the heart of the conferenc
 e theme “Closed Borders and Global Connections” and prompts the centra
 l research question:\nHow does the deliberate imposition of a closed domes
 tic economy through unaccountable state monopolies\, when physical borders
  are already forcibly closed\, transform externally induced scarcity into 
 accelerated societal collapse?\nDrawing on five years of multi-archival re
 search (Iranian National Archives\, British and U.S. diplomatic records\, 
 quantitative price and revenue datasets)\, this paper advances the “Clos
 ed Borders–Closed Economy Paradox”: the simultaneous closure of both f
 rontier types institutionalises rent-seeking\, erodes public trust\, and c
 onverts manageable supply shocks into self-reinforcing crises of governanc
 e and subsistence. The Iranian case provides a historically grounded\, the
 oretically generalisable framework for understanding resilience and failur
 e in sanctioned\, blockaded\, or pandemic-isolated economies across the tw
 entieth and twenty-first centuries.
DTSTAMP:20260412T123923Z
LOCATION:Room 302 (Seats 48)
SUMMARY:Closed Borders\, Closed Economies: The Paradox of State Monopoly an
 d Wartime Shortages in Occupied Iran\, 1941–1946 - Marziye Mansoury
URL:https://pretalx.com/wha-annual-meeting-korea-2026/talk/WLJS99/
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UID:pretalx-wha-annual-meeting-korea-2026-N9DCED@pretalx.com
DTSTART;TZID=KST:20260627T150000
DTEND;TZID=KST:20260627T152000
DESCRIPTION:Economic crisis management is a critical governmental strategy 
 during periods of profound upheaval\, such as the Second World War. Under 
 such extreme conditions\, states that implement timely and appropriate pol
 icies can mitigate the severity of crises and limit the expansion of their
  negative repercussions across economic\, social\, and political spheres.\
 n\nAs a global conflict\, World War II exerted influence on all nations—
 whether belligerent\, occupied\, or neutral. Consequently\, a comparative 
 examination of the diverse crisis-management measures adopted by governmen
 ts worldwide during this tumultuous period constitutes a foundational area
  of historical inquiry. Certain policies\, such as rationing\, proved effe
 ctive in specific national contexts\, successfully stabilizing situations 
 and preventing further deterioration (the United Kingdom serves as a notab
 le example). In other national settings\, however\, identical or similar p
 olicies not only failed to resolve the crises but exacerbated existing eco
 nomic and social distress.\n\nFocusing on Iran as a case study during Worl
 d War II\, this research seeks to address the following questions:\n\n1. W
 hat specific economic policies and measures were employed by successive Ir
 anian governments to control the crisis during the war?\n2. How did the im
 plementation of these measures ultimately influence the trajectory and out
 come of crisis management efforts in Iran?\n\nThe central hypothesis of th
 is study posits that the key interventionist policies enacted by the Irani
 an state—including:\n\n· The rationing of essential commodities\n· The
  establishment of state monopolies over foreign trade\n· Specific fiscal 
 and taxation measures\n· The expansion of the money supply (issuance of b
 anknotes)\n· Legislation against hoarding and smuggling\n\n—collectivel
 y failed to produce a stabilizing effect on Iran's wartime economy. Instea
 d\, it is argued that these measures contributed significantly to inflatio
 nary pressures\, acute commodity shortages\, price hyperinflation\, and\, 
 in certain regions and periods\, conditions of famine.
DTSTAMP:20260412T123923Z
LOCATION:Room 201 (Seats 42)
SUMMARY:Iran's Economic Crisis Management During World War II: An Analysis 
 of Interventionist Policies and Their Consequences - Marziye Mansoury
URL:https://pretalx.com/wha-annual-meeting-korea-2026/talk/N9DCED/
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