18/11/2025 –, Main Room
Open technologies are crucial for transparency, resilience, and accountability, particularly in the face of rapid technological advancements and institutional vulnerabilities. This significance intensifies in politically and economically uncertain contexts. Focusing regionally on Latin America, this study emphasizes Brazil’s judiciary as a regional leader in integrating artificial intelligence (AI).
In Brazil, key AI initiatives, including CNJ Resolution No. 332/2020, mandate transparency, fairness, explainability, and the preservation of human oversight. National platforms such as Sinapses and Codex/DataJud exemplify collaborative and standardized approaches. However, proprietary solutions like the Supreme Federal Court’s VICTOR underscore ongoing challenges concerning opacity, limited auditability, and due process.
A comparative analysis of other Latin American countries reveals varying transparency levels and governance frameworks. Argentina’s Prometea and AymurAI platforms are open-source, emphasizing rights-based frameworks. In contrast, Colombia’s mixed approach with tools like Copilot and ChatGPT reflects varying transparency standards, while Mexico’s JulIA initiative indicates limited accountability.
Identified challenges across these contexts include algorithmic biases, inadequate oversight mechanisms, and regulatory gaps in data protection, particularly within Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and Mexico’s LFPDPPP.
The study proposes solutions to enhance AI governance: mandating open-source development for publicly funded AI projects, implementing independent algorithmic audits, ensuring explainability through comprehensive documentation, and offering AI ethics education specifically tailored for judicial personnel. Additionally, fostering cross-border judicial data sharing and aligning practices with international standards, such as the OECD AI Principles and UNESCO AI Ethics recommendations, can significantly enhance democratic governance and legal accountability in the region.
Open technologies are crucial for transparency, resilience, and accountability, particularly in the face of rapid technological advancements and institutional vulnerabilities. This significance intensifies in politically and economically uncertain contexts. Focusing regionally on Latin America, this study emphasizes Brazil’s judiciary as a regional leader in integrating artificial intelligence (AI). In Brazil, key AI initiatives, including CNJ Resolution No. 332/2020, mandate transparency, fairness, explainability, and the preservation of human oversight. National platforms such as Sinapses and Codex/DataJud exemplify collaborative and standardized approaches. However, proprietary solutions like the Supreme Federal Court’s VICTOR underscore ongoing challenges concerning opacity, limited auditability, and due process.
This paper provides a comparative analysis of other Latin American countries, revealing varying transparency levels and governance frameworks. Argentina’s Prometea and AymurAI platforms are open-source, emphasizing rights-based frameworks. In contrast, Colombia’s mixed approach with tools like Copilot and ChatGPT reflects varying transparency standards, while Mexico’s JulIA initiative indicates limited accountability. Identified challenges across these contexts include algorithmic biases, inadequate oversight mechanisms, and regulatory gaps in data protection, particularly within Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and Mexico’s LFPDPPP. The paper proposes solutions to enhance AI governance: mandating open source development for publicly funded AI projects, implementing independent algorithmic audits, ensuring explainability through comprehensive documentation, and offering AI ethics education specifically tailored for judicial personnel.
Ettore Maria is Professor of Private Law at the University of Florence School of Law and founder and managing partner of Studio legale Lombardi (priorly he was of counsel at DLA Piper and than at Hage-Chahine Law Firm). Ettore Maria is an expert in Economic Regulation from CUTS C-CIER (Jaipur, India), a DAAD alumnus (Germany), and a former Visiting Fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute (Fiesole, Italy). He served two terms as Member of the Arbitro Bancario Finanziario appointed by the Bank of Italy (Bologna) and currently serves as President of the Supervisory Board on the “231 Model” at Nuovo Pignone Holding S.p.A., part of the Baker Hughes Company.
He has taught and conducted research at prestigious universities in the U.S., the U.K., and Germany. Ettore Maria is an attorney qualified in Italy and New York and actively involved in international legal associations, serving as Event Officer for the Harvard Law School Association of Europe and as a member of the Association Henry Capitant (Paris) and The London Centre for Commercial and Financial Law.
His prolific publication record includes six books with esteemed global publishers and over sixty articles in leading international law reviews. His notable works address consumer goods warranties, financial market regulation, digital innovation and intellectual property rights (Copyleft), contractual authority, and financial innovation. His latest publications include “Alternative Acquisition Models and Financial Innovation” (2023) and “Digitalization, Copyright and the Law” (2025), both published by Routledge.